The Death Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller - 1497 Words

The Death of a Salesman is a novel by Arthur Miller. It illustrates how the protagonist Willy stops at nothing to achieve what he believes is the American dream in spite of encountering many costs. Willy is, however, not able to achieve his American dream, because he is very stubborn. The Great Gatsby is a novel written by F. S. Fitzgerald and is also about the pursuit of the American dream. The two novels detail the downfall of their respective protagonists in their quest to achieve the elusive American dream. However, the two novels are also different from the respective problems faced by the protagonists. In the end, however, they make some drastic, desperate, and illogical decisions due to the un-satisfaction with the course of their†¦show more content†¦Jay Gatsby lost the woman he loved, Daisy Buchanan, and unfortunately was unable to regain her love. This is despite the fact that he is a â€Å"wealthy† person now and can afford everything that money can buy. He tries to fix the things like they were in the past, and because of his money he thinks that he can succeed in that. Nick, however, tells him that it is too late to do it, and that is the sad truth. In the Death of a Salesman, Willy Loman also tries to recreate his American dream by improving on his personality such that he can be the most liked person. He is too proud of â€Å"who he dreams he is† in spite of the fact that he is broke and refuses a job offer from his neighbor. He eventually dies without achieving his much touted dream; the American dream. Death of a Salesman illustrates a salesman by the name Willy Loman, who will not stop at nothing to achieve the American dream. He does not come to the terms, when he realizes that his son is an average performer. It is in fact his obsession with the American dream that causes his death. It seems that Willy lives in a fantasy world, as he thinks that everyone around him likes him and his sales activities. He, however, realizes the opposite; he is not well liked nor is he a good salesperson. While to Jay Gatsby’s obtaining the material dream is a means to personal fulfillment, Miller manages to present Willy Loman’s American dream as a means of obtaining the material dream. Miller, therefore, succeeds in

Christian Foundations By Kathleen Fischer Thomas Hart

Many people would agree that without faith, the world would be in chaos. The book Christian Foundation by Kathleen Fischer and Thomas Hart gives an interpretation on faith in our time. Many people would question the definition of faith. Faith is a gift, which is given by God to have trust in him and belief in him. This book is a great entry in anyones life that has speculation on his or her own faith. The book has many ways into understanding ones own religion. It discusses the Bible, Jesus, Church, Gods existence and Images of God. All of these chapters helped me get a better interpretation of what my religion entailed. To understand God you must first get a decent understanding of the bible. The bible has been translated from the†¦show more content†¦Jesus death was an act of love that represents his final testimony to his trust in the faithful and loving God he proclaimed as his father. The beginning of church is said to have risen from the resurrection of Jesus. In fact after the Pentecost, the disciples were celebrating the blessing given to Moses at Mount Sinai in which he experienced the presence of God. After this experience, the disciples were believed to be bold, understanding and Courageous. These characteristics till this day are still celebrated on Pentecost Sunday and are used for the sacrament of Confirmation, which is receiving the responsibility of a Christian and accepting the Holy Spirit. Church has been the backbone of peoples faith. It has given them a comforting home to pray and be one with God. Today, however, more people are practicing faith outside the church. The majority of followers believe in God and life after death, however, many have lack of interest in the church. Church must be looked as a community of disciples. The book uses a suggestion from a Roman Catholic theologian Avery Dulles. He suggests, that most appropriate image of the ch urch for our times is the church as a community of disciples(pp. 157). I totally agree with his suggestion. In order for Christians to find fulfillment in ones faith, one must help others understand their faith. We need to be grounded in grace; by being a Christian community your focus on believing is responding freely to a personal call andShow MoreRelatedSolution Manual, Test Bank and Instructor Manuals34836 Words   |  140 PagesWyatt, Sr (IM) Accounting An Asian Edition, 2nd Edition_Joyce Fung-Goh B.L., Suriya Binte Shukor, Marie Christine Que Cheong, Fadhlina Samsudin, Tan Shu Hong (SM ) Accounting and Auditing Research Tools and Strategies, 6th Edition_Thomas Weirich,Thomas C. Pearson,Alan Reinstein (SM+Cases and solutions) Accounting and Financial Analysis in the Hospitality Industry_Johnathan Hales,Hubert B. Van Hoof (IM+TB) Accounting Business Reporting for Decision Making, 4th Edition_Jacqueline Birt, Keryn ChalmersRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesWanda Espana OB Poll Graphics: Electra Graphics Cover Art: honey comb and a bee working / Shutterstock / LilKar Sr. Media Project Manager, Editorial: Denise Vaughn Media Project Manager, Production: Lisa Rinaldi Full-Service Project Management: Christian Holdener, S4Carlisle Publishing Services Composition: S4Carlisle Publishing Services Printer/Binder: Courier/Kendallville Cover Printer: Courier/Kendalville Text Font: 10.5/12 ITC New Baskerville Std Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other

All By Myself free essay sample

It was Friday, November 7th, 2013. My alarm buzzed; it was pitch black outside and the taste of morning breath consumed my mouth. I had been through this routine of waking up early to catch a flight several times, but this was different. I was excited, threw my blankets off and hopped in the shower. Both enthusiastic and nervous, I was flying to NYC alone. My parents. I have no memory of a single school or sporting event that my parents haven’t attended. In eighth grade, I was part of a male dance crew that performed at our school talent show. We had just got up on stage. I’m in Hugo Boss pink shorts, that rode a little high (super flattering) and a cutoff t-shirt with a Silverback Gorilla on it, just because that’s what was being rocked. I dabbed right, and immediately made eye contact with my mother and father. We will write a custom essay sample on All By Myself or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What the? What are they doing here? I never told them what time or when this talent show was. Somehow they have maneuvered their way into the auditorium and plopped themselves front row. They both looked up at me, smiled, and gave me the thumbs up. I laughed to myself and continued to tear up the dance floor. I can’t shake them, they really like to be around me. I’m very appreciative I have had the opportunity to travel throughout the United States. My parents made it a point that I would not travel alone. As I got older, I felt the need to take one of these trips by myself. The summer before my freshman year I expressed my desire to travel alone with my parents and to my surprise they agreed. So here I was, being picked up at 4:00 AM. It all went smoothly: the taxi ride, security and getting to the correct gate. I got to my seat and a chatty older man with a Dartmouth College shirt sat down next to me. Turns out he is a doctor (surprise) that went to Dartmouth. We were 30 minutes into the flight and I felt way more mature than my 15 years. I looked up and this girl with big block glasses, high-waisted red pants, and a brown turtleneck stumbled towards the front of the plane. She got to our seat, her face was as white as the dude from â€Å"Powder.† BOOM! She hit the floor like a rock. As she was going down, she projectile vomited down the aisle. It was a scene in a movie. The flight attendant began to scream â€Å"Do we have a doctor on board?!† I was in complete shock and believed I had just watched someone die. It was chaos. Dr. Dartmouth popped right up and performed a swift maneuver that put her legs above her head. She slowly woke up. Turns out she didn’t die, it was an anxiety attack. The doctor and the airline attendant cleaned her up and got her back to her seat. I think Dr. Dartmouth was afraid I was going to be his next patient. He smiled at me, gave me knuckles and told me â€Å"She’ll be ok†. I felt I had aged a decade in those 5 minutes. I learned a lot about myself from this whole experience. I made it to NYC, and had a successful weekend. I found an appreciation for my parents support and realize it is not meant to hinder my independence, but give me the confidence to be my best self. I understand why the 15-year-old Tillman was frozen and didn’t offer any help, but the new and improved adult Tillman realized the importance of being part of a solution and not just an innocent bystander. That has not and will not ever happen again.

Romeo and Juliet Tragedy Essay Example

Romeo and Juliet Tragedy Paper It is my opinion that no one person can be held responsible for the tragic deaths of the two lovers, Romeo and Juliet. Rather it is a combination of people and circumstances that contrive to form a tragic ending. Obviously, Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy, and thus has all the generic features of a tragedy; that there is a fatal flaw on the part of the main characters, in this case their passionate love at first sight for each other, Did my heart love till now? This passionate love means the two lovers cannot be separated, and their desperation to be together could be the reason for their plight. Alternatively, it could also be argued that Shakespeare built up dramatic expectation, via prophetic fallacy and short scenes accelerating to a climax, that the death was necessary as a dramatic ending. This structure can be clearly seen throughout the play as a whole as Shakespeare uses lower status characters (talking in prose) usually to speed up the pace, using riots and conflicts, whereas he uses the higher status characters (talking in verse) at balls or parties to slow down the pace and deepen the play. Therefore, due to Shakespeares deliberately convoluted plot, it is imperative to discuss each topic in turn, evaluating how and to what extent, each factor was responsible; starting with, arguably, one of the most important reasons; fate, or chance. Fate, or chance, was an accepted philosophical belief in Elizabethan England, and both were linked to astrology; the belief that you can see the future in the planets, Some consequence yet hanging in the stars! The belief that the two lovers have a preordained destiny, i. . that the two, star crossd lovers cannot change their fate, recurs frequently throughout the play. Shakespeares references to fate are, almost without exception, asides, Some consequence yet hanging in the stars, which meant that the character was talking to himself (and therefore the audience), and showed that Shakespeare really wanted to emphasise this point in the play to the onlookers. On looking through the play, I found there were far more references to fate in t he first two acts than the last ones. We will write a custom essay sample on Romeo and Juliet Tragedy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Romeo and Juliet Tragedy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Romeo and Juliet Tragedy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This may be because these references to fate are coupled with prophetic fallacies; which are used to build tension and dramatic expectation, to maintain interest in the first half and then allow the omniscient audience to see the inevitable consequences. I believe Shakespeare used fate as the classic medium to create the fall from power, another traditional feature of a tragedy, and then used the portents to allow the pair to see their unavoidable downfall. This fateful incurrence provides the struggle of the play; the lovers conflict against their, death-marked loves. As a subsection of fate, the references to chance specifically are fewer, and in a direct contrast to the references to fate, appear mainly at the culmination of the play. This lends rather well to the feeling of chaos, as chance is a much more random idea than fate, and gives the impression that anarchy is at work. This set up has also been chosen as a way of showing that there could be more than one person behind the tragic deaths. That is, Shakespeare has deliberately given the final two scenes a chaotic feel to illustrate the convoluted plot lines and the intertwining motives each character has, especially true of the Friar Lawrence. The only real reference to chance (although it can be argued it is fate at work) is the failure of Friar John to deliver the letter, I could not send it! Linked to Fate, is social pressure, during the play, Shakespeare uses social pressure as an agency for fate; i. e. a way to focus the situation and explaining why the lovers cannot be together. It can be argued that this is the most important reason as without a conflict and inhibitor there would be no play as Romeo and Juliet could just be together. However, social pressure is a more modern idea and as such it is unlikely that Shakespeare purposely decided to use it, and I feel probably thought of it is the feud; indeed it is only with hindsight that we can see its effect. Shakespeare emphasise this point like most of the others from the very beginning of the play, dog of the house of Montague, and even before that in the prologue, ancient grudge break to new mutiny. This first scene cleverly reflects Act 3 scene 1, but Shakespeare has changed the roles so that Romeo discards his pacifist views and is provoked into fire-eyed fury. When Shakespeare draws references to Italy, he may be reflecting the traditional, and rather stereotypical, view of Italians as all having private vendettas or feuds. However, to a certain extent it works as Shakespeare is using a literary technique of setting the events in a place the Elizabethan audience would not know about apart from what theyve been told. In particular, by leaving the facts uncle ar about the ancient grudge, one begins to feel that perhaps there wasnt one, or that it has escalated out f all control. This is used for dramatic irony, as it is in inverse proportion to the amount of destruction incurred by the end of the final scene, all are punished! Another reason which Shakespeare decided to introduce was the Friars own motives. He says, to Romeo, that he wants to turn your households rancour to pure love, but he seems wary to allow the lovers to wed in public and appears more intent of the joining of the two households than that the two lovers are together, for this alliance may so happy prove. I believe that Shakespeare has left this reason in deliberately to offer an alternative view, and to give more variety to the end scene. Shakespeare also displays an ulterior personality trait of the Friar as he appears reluctant to be found with the bodies and hurries from Capels monument rather than be caught, and when he is the language he uses reflects the way that he is prepared to tell all. The language he uses is direct, there are no puns and little imagery and the language is non-theological when compared to his behaviour in his cell, Benedicte! and Holy Saint Francis! which demonstrates how unwilling he is to be dishonoured. Fellow characters echo this sentiment, and Juliet exclaims, What if it be a poison which the Friar subtly hath ministered to have me dead? This statement turns out to be ironical as although the potion is not a poison, the Friars plans do culminate in her and Romeos death. The friar, himself raises an interesting point as a cause, he blames the rude will of human nature (Act 2 scene 3) and disclaims that self-centredness results in evil if it gains priority over grace. Maybe, therefore, it is only human nature to cause such sufferings. Another point, which recurs throughout the play, is the patriarchal dominance of the society which the play is set in. In this community fathers had absolute sway over their daughters and gave them away to whosoever they chose, and were offended if they refused. It could have been the fathers stubbornness that the two were unable to join. This point is linked to the idea about the pointlessness of the feud; it was the fathers as head of the families who were the main upholders of the feud, and they never mention the reason for their doing so. As Elizabethan society was so patriarchal, it would therefore have been a dramatic point that Shakespeare was making when he uses Juliets sarcasm as a device to fight back at her father, It is an honour I dream not of! In the context of this play, this means that Capulet feels it is his right to pressurise Juliet, go with Paris to Saint Peters church, Or I will drag thee on a hurdle thither. The separation between Juliet and her father is repeated in the Lady Capulet, and the two seem uneasy when together. Shakespeare demonstrates this point by splitting a technique such as repetition across the two characters, so the two appear to be interrupting each other for example, Lady Capulet: The county Paris, at Saint Peters Church Shall happily make thee a joyful bride. Juliet: Now by Saint Peters Church and Peter too, He shall not make me there a joyful bride. Such repetition increases the tightening tension of the plot and gives an additional insight into the pairs characters. My final point is perhaps the most obvious, that it is the love or passion of Romeo and Juliet themselves that causes their death. The two lovers are so madly in love that are too hasty and Shakespeare emphasises this by short scenes accelerating to an abrupt climax. It can be argued that the structure of the play therefore reflects the pairs turbulent relations as when they are harmonious the pace is slowed, and this is then sped up when the two are desperately seeking each other. Perhaps the tragic ending is Shakespeares way of rebuking both love at first sight and the artificial, chivalric love between Rosaline and Romeo. In conclusion, as can be seen from the discussed reasons; there are, as with all of Shakespeares plays a multitude of factors, which are all equally valid and viable. Also, all of Shakespeares language is intentional, so he is able to cleverly link both individual passages and whole scenes to the play as a whole. However, Shakespeare emphasises some more than others and in this respect I believe it is fate, which is the most predominantly mentioned of the factors. This is consistently mentioned by Shakespeare and lends itself to the play as a whole well. As previously discussed it lends a feeling of impending doom, and inevitable tragedy to the play. This factor could have become too linear, so Shakespeare introduced the idea of chance, which adds a random and chaotic air to the play. Also, all of Shakespeares language is intentional, so he is able to cleverly link both individual passages and whole scenes to the play as a whole.

Transition Metal Colors in Aqueous Solution

Transition Metal Colors in Aqueous Solution The transition metals form colored ions, complexes, and compounds in aqueous solution. The characteristic colors are helpful when performing a qualitative analysis to identify the composition of a sample. The colors also reflect interesting chemistry that occurs in transition metals. Transition Metals and Colored Complexes A transition metal is one that forms stable ions that have incompletely filled d orbitals. By this definition, technically not all of the d block elements of the periodic table are transition metals. For example, zinc and scandium arent transition metals by this definition because Zn2 has a full d level, while Sc3 has no d electrons. A typical transition metal has more than one possible oxidation state because it has a partially filled d orbital. When transition metals bond to one more neutral or negatively charged nonmetal species (ligands), they form what are called transition metal complexes. Another way to look at a complex ion is as a chemical species with a metal ion at the center and other ions or molecules surrounding it. The ligand attaches to the central ion by dative covalent or coordinate bond. Examples of common ligands include water, chloride ions, and ammonia. Energy Gap When a complex forms, the shape of the d orbital changes because some are nearer the ligand than others: Some d orbitals move into a higher energy state than before, while others move to a lower energy state. This forms an energy gap. Electrons can absorb a photon of light and move from a lower energy state into a higher state. The wavelength of the photon that is absorbed depends on the size of the energy gap. (This is why splitting of s and p orbitals, while it occurs, does not produce colored complexes. Those gaps would absorb ultraviolet light and not affect the color in the visible spectrum.) Unabsorbed wavelengths of light pass through a complex. Some light is also reflected back from a molecule. The combination of absorption, reflection, and transmission results in the apparent colors of the complexes. Transition Metals May have More Than One Color Different elements may produce different colors from each other. Also, different charges of one transition metal can result in different colors. Another factor is the chemical composition of the ligand. The same charge on a metal ion may produce a different color depending on the ligand it binds. Color of Transition Metal Ions in Aqueous Solution The colors of a transition metal ion depend on its conditions in a chemical solution, but some colors are good to know (especially if youre taking AP Chemistry): Transition Metal Ion Color Co2+ pink Cu2+ blue-green Fe2+ olive green Ni2+ bright green Fe3+ brown to yellow CrO42- orange Cr2O72- yellow Ti3+ purple Cr3+ violet Mn2+ pale pink Zn2+ colorless A related phenomenon is the emission spectra of transition metal salts, used to identify them  in  the  flame test.

Daniel Boone; a History

Daniel Boone; a History Free Online Research Papers Youth: Daniel Boone was born on October 22, 1734. Because the Gregorian calendar was adopted during Boones lifetime, his birth date is sometimes given as November 2, 1734 (the New Style date), although Boone used the October date.[4] He was the sixth of eleven children in a family of Quakers. His father, Squire Boone, Sr. (1696–1765), had immigrated to Pennsylvania from the small town of Bradninch, Devon, England in 1713. Squire Boones parents George and Mary Boone followed their son to Pennsylvania in 1717. In 1720, Squire, who worked primarily as a weaver and a blacksmith, married Sarah Morgan (1700–1777), whose family members were Quakers from Wales, and settled in Towamencin Township, Pennsylvania in 1708. In 1731, the Boones built a log cabin in the Oley Valley, now the Daniel Boone Homestead in Berks County, Pennsylvania, where Daniel was born.[citation needed] His other siblings were Edward, Elizabeth, George, Hannah, Israel, Johnathan, Samuel, and Sarah Boone. Daniel Boone spent his early years on what was then the western edge of the Pennsylvania frontier. There were a number of American Indian villages nearby. The pacifist Pennsylvania Quakers generally had good relations with the Indians, but the steady growth of the white population compelled many Indians to relocate further west. Boone received his first rifle at age 12 and picked up hunting skills from local whites and Indians, beginning his lifelong love of hunting. Folk tales often emphasized Boones skills as a hunter. In one story, the young Boone was hunting in the woods with some other boys, when the scream of a panther scattered the boys, except for Boone. He calmly cocked his squirrel gun and shot the animal through the heart just as it leaped at him. As with so many tales about Boone, the story may or may not be true, but it was told so often that it became part of the popular image of the man. [5] In Boones youth, his family became a source of controversy in the local Quaker community that existed in what is now present day Lower Gwynedd Township, Pennsylvania. In 1742, Boones parents were compelled to publicly apologize after their eldest child Sarah married John Wilcoxson, a worldling (non-Quaker), while she was visibly pregnant. When Boones oldest brother Israel also married a worldling in 1747, Squire Boone stood by his son and was therefore expelled from the Quakers, although his wife continued to attend monthly meetings with her children. Perhaps as a result of this controversy, in 1750 Squire sold his land and moved the family to North Carolina. Daniel Boone did not attend church again, although he considered himself a Christian and had all of his children baptized. The Boones eventually settled on the Yadkin River, in what is now Davie County, North Carolina, about two miles (3 km) west of Mocksville.[6] Because he spent so much time hunting in his youth, Boone received little formal education. According to one family tradition, a schoolteacher once expressed concern over Boones education, but Boones father was unconcerned, saying let the girls do the spelling and Dan will do the shooting†¦. Boone received some tutoring from family members, though his spelling remained unorthodox. Historian John Mack Faragher cautions that the folk image of Boone as semiliterate is misleading, however, arguing that Boone acquired a level of literacy that was the equal of most men of his times. Boone regularly took reading material with him on his hunting expeditions- the Bible and Gullivers Travels were favorites- and he was often the only literate person in groups of frontiersmen. Boone would sometimes entertain his hunting companions by reading to them around the evening campfire.[7] Hunter, husband, and soldier: As a young man, Boone served with the British military during the French and Indian War (1754–1763), a struggle for control of the land beyond the Appalachian Mountains. In 1755, he was a wagon driver in General Edward Braddocks attempt to drive the French out of the Ohio Country, which ended in disaster at the Battle of the Monongahela. Boone returned home after the defeat, and on August 14, 1756, he married Rebecca Bryan, a neighbor in the Yadkin Valley. The couple initially lived in a cabin on his fathers farm. They eventually had ten children.[citation needed] In 1759, a conflict erupted between British colonists and Cherokee Indians, their former allies in the French and Indian War. After the Yadkin Valley was raided by Cherokees, many families, including the Boones, fled to Culpeper County, Virginia. Boone served in the North Carolina militia during this Cherokee Uprising, and his hunting expeditions deep into Cherokee territory beyond the Blue Ridge Mountains separated him from his wife for about two years. According to one story, Boone was gone for so long that Rebecca assumed he was dead, and began a relationship with his brother Edward (Ned), giving birth to daughter Jemima in 1762. Upon his return, the story goes, his wife reproved him saying, Youd had better have stayed home and got it yourself. Boone was understanding and did not blame Rebecca. Whatever the truth of the tale, Boone raised Jemima as his own and favorite child. Boones early biographers knew this story, but did not publish it.[8] Boones chosen profession also made for long absences from home. He supported his growing family in these years as a market hunter. Almost every autumn, Boone would go on long hunts, which were extended expeditions into the wilderness, lasting weeks or months. Boone would go on long hunts alone or with a small group of men, accumulating hundreds of deer skins in the autumn, and then trapping beaver and otter over the winter. The long hunters would return in the spring and sell their take to commercial fur traders. In this business, buckskins came to be known as bucks, which is the origin of the American slang term for dollar.[10] Frontiersmen often carved messages on trees or wrote their names on cave walls, and Boones name or initials have been found in many places. One of the best-known inscriptions was carved into a tree in present Washington County, Tennessee which reads D. Boon Cilled a. Bar [killed a bear] on [this] tree in the year 1760. A similar carving is preserved in the museum of the Filson Historical Society in Louisville, Kentucky, which reads D. Boon Kilt a Bar, 1803. However, because Boone spelled his name with the final e, and the inconsistency of an 1803 date east of the Mississippi after Boone moved to Missouri in 1799, these particular inscriptions may be forgeries, part of a long tradition of phony Boone relics.[11] In 1762 Boone and his wife and four children moved back to the Yadkin Valley from Culpeper. By mid-1760s, with peace made with the Cherokees, immigration into the area increased, and Boone began to look for a new place to settle, as competition decreased the amount of game available for hunting. This meant that Boone had difficulty making ends meet; he was often taken to court for nonpayment of debts, and he sold what land he owned to pay off creditors. After his fathers death in 1765, Boone traveled with his brother Squire and a group of men to Florida, which had become British territory after the end of the war, to look into the possibility of settling there. According to a family story, Boone purchased land in Pensacola, but Rebecca refused to move so far away from friends and family. The Boones instead moved to a more remote area of the Yadkin Valley, and Boone began to hunt westward into the Blue Ridge Mountains. [12] Kentucky: Boone first reached Kentucky in the fall of 1767 while on a long hunt with his brother Squire Boone, Jr. While on the Braddock expedition years earlier, Boone had heard about the fertile land and abundant game of Kentucky from fellow wagoner John Findley, who had visited Kentucky to trade with American Indians. Boone and Findley happened to meet again, and Findley encouraged Boone with more tales of Kentucky. At the same time, news had arrived about the Treaty of Fort Stanwix, in which the Iroquois had ceded their claim to Kentucky to the British. This, as well as the unrest in North Carolina due to the Regulator movement, likely prompted Boone to extend his exploration.[13] On May 1, 1769, Boone began a two-year hunting expedition in Kentucky. On December 22, 1769, he and a fellow hunter were captured by a party of Shawnees, who confiscated all of their skins and told them to leave and never return. The Shawnees had not signed the Stanwix treaty, and since they regarded Kentucky as their hunting ground, they considered white hunters there to be poachers. Boone, however, continued hunting and exploring Kentucky until his return to North Carolina in 1771, and returned to hunt there again in the autumn of 1772. On September 25, 1773, Boone packed up his family and, with a group of about 50 emigrants, began the first attempt by British colonists to establish a settlement in Kentucky. Boone was still an obscure hunter and trapper at the time; the most prominent member of the expedition was William Russell, a well-known Virginian and future brother-in-law of Patrick Henry. On October 9, Boones eldest son James and a small group of men and boys who had left the main party to retrieve supplies were attacked by a band of Delawares, Shawnees, and Cherokees. Following the Treaty of Fort Stanwix, American Indians in the region had been debating what to do about the influx of settlers. This group had decided, in the words of historian John Mack Faragher, to send a message of their opposition to settlement†¦. James Boone and William Russells son Henry were captured and gruesomely tortured to death. The brutality of the killings sent shock waves along the frontier, and Boones party abandoned its e xpedition. The massacre was one of the first events in what became known as Dunmores War, a struggle between Virginia and, primarily, Shawnees of the Ohio Country for control of what is now West Virginia and Kentucky. In the summer of 1774, Boone volunteered to travel with a companion to Kentucky to notify surveyors there about the outbreak of war. The two men journeyed more than 800 miles (1,300 km) in two months in order to warn those who had not already fled the region. Upon his return to Virginia, Boone helped defend colonial settlements along the Clinch River, earning a promotion to captain in the militia as well as acclaim from fellow citizens. After the brief war, which ended soon after Virginias victory in the Battle of Point Pleasant in October 1774, Shawnees relinquished their claims to Kentucky.[15] Following Dunmores War, Richard Henderson, a prominent judge from North Carolina, hired Boone to travel to the Cherokee towns in present North Carolina and Tennessee and inform them of an upcoming meeting. In the 1775 treaty, Henderson purchased the Cherokee claim to Kentucky in order to establish a colony called Transylvania. Afterwards, Henderson hired Boone to blaze what became known as the Wilderness Road, which went through the Cumberland Gap and into central Kentucky. Along with a party of about thirty workers, Boone marked a path to the Kentucky River, where he established Boonesborough. Other settlements, notably Harrodsburg, were also established at this time. Despite occasional Indian attacks, Boone returned to the Clinch Valley and brought his family and other settlers to Boonesborough on September 8, 1775.[16] American Revolution: Violence in Kentucky increased with the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783). Native Americans who were unhappy about the loss of Kentucky in treaties saw the war as a chance to drive out the colonists. Isolated settlers and hunters became the frequent target of attacks, convincing many to abandon Kentucky. By late spring of 1776, fewer than 200 colonists remained in Kentucky, primarily at the fortified settlements of Boonesborough, Harrodsburg, and Logans Station.[17] On July 14, 1776, Boones daughter Jemima and two other teenage girls were captured outside Boonesborough by an Indian war party, who carried the girls north towards the Shawnee towns in the Ohio country. Boone and a group of men from Boonesborough followed in pursuit, finally catching up with them two days later. Boone and his men ambushed the Indians while they were stopped for a meal, rescuing the girls and driving off their captors. The incident became the most celebrated event of Boones life. James Fenimore Cooper created a fictionalized version of the episode in his classic book The Last of the Mohicans (1826).[18] In 1777, Henry Hamilton, a British Lieutenant Governor of Canada, began to recruit American Indian war parties to raid the Kentucky settlements. On April 24, Shawnees led by Chief Blackfish attacked Boonesborough. A bullet struck Boones leg, shattering his kneecap, but he was carried back inside the fort amid a flurry of bullets by Simon Kenton, a recent arrival at Boonesborough. Kenton became Boones close friend as well as a legendary frontiersman in his own right.[citation needed] While Boone recovered, Shawnees kept up their attacks outside Boonesborough, destroying the surrounding cattle and crops. With the food supply running low, the settlers needed salt to preserve what meat they had, and so in January 1778 Boone led a party of thirty men to the salt springs on the Licking River. On February 7, 1778, when Boone was hunting meat for the expedition, he was surprised and captured by warriors led by Chief Blackfish of the Chilicothe Shawnee. Because Boones party was greatly outnumbered, he convinced his men to surrender rather than put up a fight.[citation needed] Blackfish wanted to continue to Boonesborough and capture it, since it was now poorly defended, but Boone convinced him that the women and children were not hardy enough to survive a winter trek. Instead, Boone promised that Boonesborough would surrender willingly to the Shawnees the following spring. Boone did not have an opportunity to tell his men that he was bluffing in order to prevent an immediate attack on Boonesborough, however. Boone pursued this strategy so convincingly that many of his men concluded that he had switched his loyalty to the British.[citation needed] Boone and his men were taken to Blackfishs town of Chillicothe where they were made to run the gauntlet. As was their custom, the Shawnees adopted some of the prisoners into the tribe to replace fallen warriors; the remainder were taken to Hamilton in Detroit. Boone was adopted into a Shawnee family at Chillicothe, perhaps into the family of Chief Blackfish himself, and given the name Sheltowee (Big Turtle). On June 16, 1778, when he learned that Blackfish was about to return to Boonesborough with a large force, Boone eluded his captors and raced home, covering the 160 miles (260 km) to Boonesborough in five days on horseback and, after his horse gave out, on foot.[19] During Boones absence, his wife and children (except for Jemima) had returned to North Carolina, fearing that he was dead. Upon his return to Boonesborough, some of the men expressed doubts about Boones loyalty, since after surrendering the salt making party he had apparently lived quite happily among the Shawnees for months. Boone responded by leading a preemptive raid against the Shawnees across the Ohio River, and then by helping to successfully defend Boonesborough against a 10-day siege led by Blackfish, which began on September 7, 1778. After the siege, Captain Benjamin Logan and Colonel Richard Callaway- both of whom had nephews who were still captives surrendered by Boone- brought charges against Boone for his recent activities. In the court-martial that followed, Boone was found not guilty and was even promoted after the court heard his testimony. Despite this vindication, Boone was humiliated by the court-martial, and he rarely spoke of it.[20] After the trial, Boone returned to North Carolina in order to bring his family back to Kentucky. In the autumn of 1779, a large party of emigrants came with him, including (according to tradition) the family of Abraham Lincolns grandfather.[21] Rather than remain in Boonesborough, Boone founded the nearby settlement of Boones Station. Boone began earning money at this time by locating good land for other settlers. Transylvania land claims had been invalidated after Virginia created Kentucky County, and so settlers needed to file new land claims with Virginia. In 1780, Boone collected about $20,000 in cash from various settlers and traveled to Williamsburg to purchase their land warrants. While he was sleeping in a tavern during the trip, the cash was stolen from his room. Some of the settlers forgave Boone the loss; others insisted that he repay the stolen money, which took him several years to do. A popular image of Boone which emerged in later years is that of the backwoodsman who had little affinity for civilized society, moving away from places like Boonesborough when they became too crowded. In reality, however, Boone was a leading citizen of Kentucky at this time. When Kentucky was divided into three Virginia counties in November 1780, Boone was promoted to lieutenant colonel in the Fayette County militia. In April 1781, Boone was elected as a representative to the Virginia General Assembly, which was held in Richmond. In 1782, he was elected sheriff of Fayette County.[22] Meanwhile, the American Revolutionary War continued. Boone joined General George Rogers Clarks invasion of the Ohio country in 1780, fighting in the Battle of Piqua on August 7. In October, when Boone was hunting with his brother Ned, Shawnees shot and killed Ned. Apparently thinking that they had killed Daniel Boone, the Shawnees beheaded Ned and took the head home as a trophy. In 1781, Boone traveled to Richmond to take his seat in the legislature, but British dragoons under Banastre Tarleton captured Boone and several other legislators near Charlottesville. The British released Boone on parole several days later. During Boones term, Cornwallis surrendered at Yorktown in October 1781, but the fighting continued in Kentucky unabated. Boone returned to Kentucky and in August 1782 fought in the Battle of Blue Licks, in which his son Israel was killed. In November 1782, Boone took part in another Clark expedition into Ohio, the last major campaign of the war. Businessman on the Ohio: After the Revolution, Boone resettled in Limestone (renamed Maysville, Kentucky in 1786), then a booming Ohio River port. In 1787, he was elected to the Virginia state assembly as a representative from Bourbon County. In Maysville, he kept a tavern and worked as a surveyor, horse trader, and land speculator. He was initially prosperous, owning seven slaves by 1787, a relatively large number for Kentucky at the time, which was dominated by small farms rather than large plantations. Boone became something of a celebrity while living in Maysville: in 1784, on Boones 50th birthday, historian John Filson published The Discovery, Settlement And present State of Kentucke, a book which included a chronicle of Boones adventures.[23] Although the Revolutionary War had ended, the border war with American Indians north of the Ohio River soon resumed. In September 1786, Boone took part in a military expedition into the Ohio Country led by Benjamin Logan. Back in Limestone, Boone housed and fed Shawnees who were captured during the raid and helped to negotiate a truce and prisoner exchange. Although the Northwest Indian War escalated and would not end until the American victory at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794, the 1786 expedition was the last time Boone saw military action.[24] Boone began to have financial troubles while living in Maysville. According to the later folk image, Boone the trailblazer was too unsophisticated for the civilization which followed him and which eventually defrauded him of his land. Boone was not the simple frontiersman of legend, however: he engaged in land speculation on a large scale, buying and selling claims to tens of thousands of acres. The land market in frontier Kentucky was chaotic, and Boones ventures ultimately failed because his investment strategy was faulty and because his sense of honor made him reluctant to profit at someone elses expense. According to Faragher, Boone lacked the ruthless instincts that speculation demanded.[25] Frustrated with the legal hassles that went with land speculation, in 1788 Boone moved upriver to Point Pleasant, Virginia (now West Virginia). There he operated a trading post and occasionally worked as a surveyors assistant. When Virginia created Kanawha County in 1789, Boone was appointed lieutenant colonel of the county militia. In 1791, he was elected to the Virginia legislature for the third time. He contracted to provide supplies for the Kanawha militia, but his debts prevented him from buying goods on credit, and so he closed his store and returned to hunting and trapping. In 1795, he and Rebecca moved back to Kentucky, living in present Nicholas County on land owned by their son Daniel Morgan Boone. The next year, Boone applied to Isaac Shelby, the first governor of the new state of Kentucky, for a contract to widen the Wilderness Road into a wagon route, but the governor did not respond and the contract was awarded to someone else. Meanwhile, lawsuits over conflicting land claims continued to make their way through the Kentucky courts. Boones remaining land claims were sold off to pay legal fees and taxes, but he no longer paid attention to the process. In 1798, a warrant was issued for Boones arrest after he ignored a summons to testify in a court case, although the sheriff never found him. That same year Kentucky named Boone County in his honor. Missouri: In 1799, Boone moved out of the United States to Missouri, which was then part of Spanish Louisiana. The Spanish, eager to promote settlement in the sparsely populated region, did not enforce the legal requirement that all immigrants had to be Catholics. Boone, looking to make a fresh start, emigrated with much of his extended family to what is now St. Charles County. The Spanish governor appointed Boone syndic (judge and jury) and commandant (military leader) of the Femme Osage district. The many anecdotes of Boones tenure as syndic suggest that he sought to render fair judgments rather than to strictly observe the letter of the law. Boone served as syndic and commandant until 1804, when Missouri became part of the United States following the Louisiana Purchase. Because Boones land grants from the Spanish government had been largely based on verbal agreements, he once again lost his land claims. In 1809, he petitioned Congress to restore his Spanish land claims, which was finally done in 1814. Boone sold most of this land to repay old Kentucky debts. When the War of 1812 came to Missouri, Boones sons Daniel Morgan Boone and Nathan Boone took part, but by that time Boone was too old for militia duty. Boone spent his final years in Missouri, often in the company of children and grandchildren. He hunted and trapped as often as his failing health allowed. According to one story, in 1810 or later Boone went with a group on a long hunt as far west as the Yellowstone River, a remarkable journey at his age, if true. Other stories of Boone around this time have him making one last visit to Kentucky in order to pay off his creditors, although some or all of these tales may be folklore. American painter John James Audubon claimed to have gone hunting with Boone in the woods of Kentucky around 1810. Years later, Audubon painted a portrait of Boone, supposedly from memory, although skeptics have noted the similarity of this painting to the well-known portraits by Chester Harding. Boones family insisted that he never returned to Kentucky after 1799, although some historians believe that Boone visited his brother Squire near Kentucky in 1810 and have therefore reported Audubons story as factua l.[26] Boone died on September 26, 1820, at Nathan Boones home on Femme Osage Creek. His last words were, Im going now. My time has come. He was buried next to Rebecca, who had died on March 18, 1813. The graves, which were unmarked until the mid-1830s, were near Jemima (Boone) Callaways home on Tuque Creek, about two miles (3 km) from present day Marthasville, Missouri. In 1845, the Boones remains were disinterred and reburied in a new cemetery in Frankfort, Kentucky. Resentment in Missouri about the disinterment grew over the years, and a legend arose that Boones remains never left Missouri. According to this story, Boones tombstone in Missouri had been inadvertently placed over the wrong grave, but no one had corrected the error. Boones Missouri relatives, displeased with the Kentuckians who came to exhume Boone, kept quiet about the mistake and allowed the Kentuckians to dig up the wrong remains. There is no contemporary evidence that this actually happened, but in 1983, a forensic anth ropologist examined a crude plaster cast of Boones skull made before the Kentucky reburial and announced that it might be the skull of an African American. Black slaves were also buried at Tuque Creek, so it is possible that the wrong remains were mistakenly removed from the crowded graveyard. Both the Frankfort Cemetery in Kentucky and the Old Bryan Farm graveyard in Missouri claim to have Boones remains.[27] According to The Boone Family book by Hazel Atterbury Spraker (1982), Danielwas buried near the body of his wife, in a cemetery established in 1803 by David Bryan, upon the bank of a small stream called Teuque Creek about one and one-half miles southeast of the present site of the town of Marthasville in Warren County, Missouri, it being at that time the only Protestant cemetery North of the Missouri River. {page 578} edit Cultural legacy: Daniel Boone remains an iconic figure in American history, although his status as an early American folk hero and later as a subject of fiction has tended to obscure the actual details of his life. The general public remembers him as a hunter, pioneer, and Indian-fighter, even if they are uncertain when he lived or exactly what he did. Many places in the United States are named for him, including the Daniel Boone National Forest, the Sheltowee Trace Trail, and six counties: Boone County, Illinois, Boone County, Indiana, Boone County, Nebraska, Boone County, West Virginia, Boone County, Missouri and Boone County, Kentucky. His name has long been synonymous with the American outdoors. For example, the Boone and Crockett Club was a conservationist organization founded by Theodore Roosevelt in 1887, and the Sons of Daniel Boone was the precursor of the Boy Scouts of America. Emergence as a legend: Boone emerged as a legend in large part because of John Filsons The Adventures of Colonel Daniel Boon, part of his book The Discovery, Settlement And present State of Kentucke. First published in 1784, Filsons book was soon translated into French and German, and made Boone famous in America and Europe. Based on interviews with Boone, Filsons book contained a mostly factual account of Boones adventures from the exploration of Kentucky through the American Revolution. However, because the real Boone was a man of few words, Filson invented florid, philosophical dialogue for this autobiography. Subsequent editors cut some of these passages and replaced them with more plausible- but still spurious- ones. Often reprinted, Filsons book established Boone as one of the first popular heroes of the United States.[29] Today there are schools named after Daniel Boone in Birdsboro Pennsylvania, Douglassville Pennsylvania, and Chicago Illinois. Like John Filson, Timothy Flint also interviewed Boone, and his Biographical Memoir of Daniel Boone, the First Settler of Kentucky (1833) became one of the bestselling biographies of the 19th century. Flint greatly embellished Boones adventures, doing for Boone what Parson Weems did for George Washington. In Flints book, Boone fought hand-to-hand with a bear, escaped from Indians by swinging on vines (as Tarzan would later do), and so on. Although Boones family thought the book was absurd, Flint greatly influenced the popular conception of Boone, since these tall tales were recycled in countless dime novels and books aimed at young boys. Three American actors claim ancestry to Boone: singer Pat Boone, Richard Boone (1917-1981) of the CBS Have Gun, Will Travel television series, and Randy Boone, one of the regulars on NBCs western series, The Virginian. Fiction: Boones adventures, real and mythical, formed the basis of the archetypal hero of the American West, popular in 19th century novels and 20th century films. The main character of James Fenimore Coopers Leatherstocking Tales, the first of which was published in 1823, bore striking similarities to Boone; even his name, Nathaniel Bumppo, echoed Daniel Boones name. As mentioned above, The Last of the Mohicans (1826), Coopers second Leatherstocking novel, featured a fictionalized version of Boones rescue of his daughter. After Cooper, other writers developed the Western hero, an iconic figure which began as a variation of Daniel Boone.[35] In the 20th century, Boone was featured in numerous comic strips, radio programs, and films, where the emphasis was usually on action and melodrama rather than historical accuracy. These are little remembered today; probably the most noteworthy is the 1936 film Daniel Boone, with George OBrien playing the title role. Audiences of the baby boomer generation are more familiar with the Daniel Boone television series, which ran from 1964 to 1970. In the popular theme song for the series, Boone was described as a big man in a coonskin cap, and the rippinest, roarinest, fightinest man the frontier ever knew![36] This did not describe the real Daniel Boone, who was not a big man and did not wear a coonskin cap. Boone was portrayed this way because Fess Parker, the tall actor who played Boone, was essentially reprising his role as Davy Crockett from an earlier TV series. That Boone could be portrayed as a Crockett, another American frontiersman with a very different persona, was another exam ple of how Boones image could be reshaped to suit popular tastes.[37] References: Atterbury Spraker, Hazel. The Boone Family. Originally published Rutland, Vermont 1922, reprinted Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc. Baltimore, 1974, 1977, 1982; ISBN 0-8063-0612-2. A Genealogical History of the Descendants of George and Mary Boone who came to America in 1717, Also a biographical sketch of DANIEL BOONE, the pioneer. Bakeless, John. Daniel Boone: Master of the Wilderness. Originally published 1939, reprinted University of Nebraska Press, 1989; ISBN 0-8032-6090-3. The definitive Boone biography of its era, it was the first to make full use of the massive amount of material collected by Lyman Draper. Draper, Lyman. The Life of Daniel Boone, edited by Ted Franklin Belue. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1998; ISBN 0-8117-0979-5. Belues notes provide a modern scholarly perspective to Drapers unfinished 19th century biography, which follows Boones life up to the siege of Boonesborough. Elliott, Lawrence. The Long Hunter: A New Life of Daniel Boone. New York: Readers Digest Press, 1976; ISBN 0-88349-066-8. Faragher, John Mack. Daniel Boone: The Life and Legend of an American Pioneer. New York: Holt, 1992; ISBN 0-8050-1603-1. The standard scholarly biography, examines both the history and the folklore. Jones, Randell. In the Footsteps of Daniel Boone. Blair: North Carolina, 2005. ISBN 0-89587-308-7. Guide to historical sites associated with Boone. Lofaro, Michael. Daniel Boone: An American Life. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 2003; ISBN 0-8131-2278-3. A brief biography, previously published (in 1978 and 1986) as The Life and Adventures of Daniel Boone. Research Papers on Daniel Boone; a HistoryPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyHip-Hop is ArtWhere Wild and West MeetInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseThe Spring and AutumnEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided Era

B2B Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

B2B Marketing - Essay Example This enables C4U to claim that their cards are 'crafted in the West Country'. This notion of the 'personal touch' has been successfully combined with a series of designs drawing upon floral and other motifs from the 'natural' landscape such as animals and rustic scenes (e.g. meadows, the seaside) to provide C4U with a product portfolio that sets them apart from other card manufacturers. Indeed, they even sell separate picture frames to accompany the cards, so that the recipient can keep them after the occasion in question: in this way, the product is 'more than just a card'. "Back in 1970 Alvin Toffler in Future Shock (Toffler, A. 1970) describes a trend towards accelerating rates of change. He illustrated how social and technological norms had shorter life spans with each generation, and he questioned society's ability to cope with the resulting turmoil and anxiety. In past generations periods of change were always punctuated with times of stability. This allowed society to assimilate the change and deal with it before the next change arrived." (Wikipedia, 2007) In the volatile business environment of the 21st century the most important requirement for C4U is constant changing and updating with the external conditions. Change can be referred to as Internal, External, and business process re-engineering and transformation programs. The external change includes the changes in market, technology, and competitive environment, global and political environment etc. Since the trends in the cards industry is changing the company should also adopt these changes. Internal changes involve the actions, which the organisation has to take in order to put up with the external changes. These include the business restructuring and the transformation programs. The well-planned strategy to undertake change combine all of the above elements in the suitable ratio to undertake the process effectively and in timely manners. On the other hand an unplanned change introduction can worsen the things rather than improving. Therefore it is important for the leaders and mangers at C4U to undertake the change activities in a strategical way to reap the fruit of change introduction in the organisation. A change project undertaken without a suitable strategy can increase the operating cost of the business without improving the operations and performance of the business. In the globalised era when most of the business organisations are involved in different business activities it has become inevitable for the firms independently perform all the functions. Most of the companies do not operate their supply chain and rely on other firms to perform the multi-faceted tasks. The successful and efficient combination of the operations of these firms provides the company with the competitive edge in the market. (Cook, DeBree, and Feroleto, 2001). The company can also expand its market by forming a partnership with other distribution firms. Lummus and Vokurka (1999) points out towards the need for the managers to understand the performance of all the stake holding firms in the supply chain. According to (Pohlen, 2003), this insight in the performance of each firm will enable the managers to develop measures in order to fulfil the demands of the customers. The main task of the supply chain

EATING AND WEIGHT DISORDERS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

EATING AND WEIGHT DISORDERS - Essay Example Obesity, a medical problem in its own right, can result from bingeing and poor food choices. Bulimics binge and then purge (get rid of food by vomiting, taking laxatives, or exercising excessively). Anorexics starve themselves, sometimes to the point of death. A disturbance in a person’s thoughts, here one actually fears gaining weight. This would mean an avoidance of regular eating just to remain slim, even sometimes when the subject is so thin that the health is at stake. The subject takes up self-starvation methods. 90 percent of most cases are reported in females, although there are cases of this nature in males yet most of them go unnoticed. It is most common among whites or in societies where there is a high demand on thin ladies or were the only qualification of beauty is seen as being thin. Also in careers that requires for one to be thin, dancing, fashion industry, theater , show business. Patients with anorexia could be spotted trying to hide or cover themselves by wearing baggy and heavy clothes although not so easily, however a well trained psychiatrist or doctor would straightforwardly diagnose the illness. The America Psychiatric Association classified it as a distinct disorder in 1980, Bulimia nervosa could result from patients with anorexia, in this case it does not matter if you are overweight or underweight, patients result in bingeing (large intake of low calorie foods within a short time interval). It is not a known cause of weight loss but it does result in gastrointestinal

Nature is great Essay Example for Free

Nature is great Essay The outdoors is my escape from the social world. The outdoors has always been a peaceful way to for me to relax and be myself. Mother Nature helps out when I need some time to think and be on my own. The quiet and calmness is what gets to me the most while I’m out there exploring the woods, whether it be hunting, fishing or just taking a walk. The outdoors has always been a peaceful and stress relieving way for me to relax and be who I am. Mother Nature helps me out when I just need to get away and have some time to think on my own. The quiet and calmness is what gets to me the most while I’m out there exploring the woods whether it be while I’m hunting, fishing, or just taking a walk. I was raised in a family that has the same belief about the wilderness. My parents and grandparents have shown me the ways of the outdoors and I have learned many lessons for life from both my parents and while I’m in the outdoors. I believe that the outdoors is a way of connection to family and friends and the wildlife that lives inside it. I have spent most my life hunting and fishing because that’s who I am. I have learned many lessons while I have spent numerous hours in the woods, such as how to track wild life, what plants not to touch so I don’t get poison ivy, and what wild berries I can eat without getting sick. Over time these could be very successful traits to have in case of an emergency that could happen in the future. The traits would also be a valuable thing to pass along to my children in the future. Patience is a trait that is always learned in the outdoors. The time you have while you’re sitting in the woods hunting for wild game is hard to describe. You’re in the woods before the sun rises and don’t come out until the sun comes down. You must to have patience to wait for that trophy deer to come along for that perfect chance. Another lesson you learn while you’re in the woods is determination. Some days I may not even see a single bird or squirrel in a tree while I’m sitting there for numerous hours. But I won’t give up just because I had a bad day in the woods. At any moment the woods could come alive and you start seeing the tons of movement, the birds will start chirping, squirrels barking, and the snapping of twigs and crackling of leaves as the deer start walking. The outdoors is a wonderful cure for people who need that little time to just be alone or get their minds off something and think. I know when I’m in the woods it gives me a lot of time to think about anything. I go hunting on the weekends most of the time because I have school during the week, so when I have reading for homework or if I have to brainstorm some ideas for an essay that I have to write in English, I can concentrate on my homework and not have any distractions to keep me off track of my studies. The outdoors has been one of the most relaxing places for me to do what I love most, which is hunt and fish. I just thank Mother Nature for giving me a place to go. The quiet and calmness is what gets to me the most while I’m out there hunting for the trophy whitetail or fishing for the eight pound bass. This I believe is why I think the outdoors is a wonderful thing for anyone who needs some relaxing time and get away. POWERED BY TCPDF (WWW. TCPDF. ORG)

Capital Punishment Essay - Should the Death Penalty be Abolished?

Should the Death Penalty be Abolished? Everyone has different beliefs about the death penalty. Some people believe it is barbaric and inhumane to put someone to death who has been convicted, while others feel that the death penalty gives resolution to the victim's family and friends. The death penalty is used to punish criminals for the wrong they have done. However, I believe that killing a person to "punish" them is not enough. People cannot suffer and think about the anguish they have caused people if they are put to death. Keeping the criminals alive and doing manual labor for the rest of their lives, without parole, is a better method of punishment. The way the government is now, many criminals are sentenced to death and may remain on death row for many years. Our tax money is being used to keep these people alive while they are waiting to be put to death, and then more money comes out of our taxes to actually put them to death. In rare occasions, the government has accused the wrong person and the innocent person dies. The death penalty is irrevoca...

Dividend Policy Essay

Introduction Refer to Figure 1. Would you say that Montgomery’s policy up to now has been to pay a constant dividend, with occasional increases as the company grows? Montgomery has maintained the dividend policy of paying a regular dividend to their stakeholders. This steady dividend policy increases every time the firm produces. Since 200, the amount committed to paying dividends has grown each year, but particular emphasis has been placed on the figures that show dividends paid on every share. In 2000, they paid$1. 36, 2001 they paid $1.48, 2002 they paid $ 1.70, 2003 and 2004 the firm paid $1.76 each year, and in 2005 it paid dividend per share of $ 1.96 showing a steady increase over the six years. The top-level management has been confident about the constant or slight annual increase of the DPS because of the yearly rise in the overall number of shares every year since 2000 (Baker, 2009). Refer to Figure 2. What type of dividend policies would you say are being practiced by Montgomery’s competitors in the retailing industry? Do you think that any firms are following a residual policy? J.C. Penney 1999  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      2000      2001      2002      2003      2004      2005 EPS  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   $2.75  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      $2.94    $3.13    $2.91    $2.66    $3.53    $4.70 DPS  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   $0.92  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      $1.00    $1.08    $1.18    $1.18    $1.24    $1.48 Payout Ratio  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   33.5%  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   34.0%  Ã‚   34.5%   40.6%   44.4%   35.1%   31.5%    Dollar General 1999  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      2000      2001      2002      2003      2004      2005 EPS  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   $0.38  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      $0.61    $0.81    $1.10    $0.95    $0.23    $0.30 DPS  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   $0.09  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      $0.11    $0.13    $0.17    $0.20    $0.20    $0.20 Payout Ratio 23.7%  Ã‚   18%  Ã‚   16.1%   15.5%   21.1%   87.0%   66.7% Wal-Mart Stores 1999  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      2000      2001      2002      2003      2004      2005 EPS  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $0.16  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      $0.23    $0.35    $0.48    $0.58    $0.80    $1.10 DPS  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   $0.02  Ã‚  Ã‚      $0.02    $0.04    $0.05    $0.07    $0.09    $0.12 Payout Ratio  Ã‚   12.5% 8.7%  Ã‚   11.4%   10.4%   12.1%   11.3%   10.9% The main competitors that Montgomery has been competing with are Wal- mart, J.C Penney, and Dollar General. The two firms are using the same policy used by Montgomery as they strive to increase their dividend per share each year. In 2004, despite Earnings per share, reducing by over 75% the dividend per share was held at $0.20. The dollar increased their profits by more than 17% despite the EPS decreasing by 14%. It is clear that a growth and stable dividend are critical factors considered by any growing retail company. We see that Wal-Mart, which is the biggest retail industry, also ignores emphasizing on capital growth as they go for stability in dividend and growth. The same case applies to J.C Penney, who maintains a stable dividend per share despite fluctuations in EPS. Montgomery has the highest average payout ratio compared to even Wal-Mart because of the long period they have been in the industry and with the same dividend policy, their DPS increase every year (Baker, 2009).    Question Two Calculate the expected return to the common stockholders under the firm’s present policy, given an expected dividend next year of $2.10 and a growth rate of 7.1 percent. Montgomery’s stock currently sells for $35.(Use the dividend growth model): Expected return (Ke) = D1 / P0 + g D1 = $2.10, g = 7.1%, P0 = $35, Ke, Expected return to stockholder = $2.10/$35 + 7.1% = 6+ 7.1 = 13.1% Assume that, if Don Jackson’s proposal were adopted, next year’s dividend would be zero, but earnings growth would rise to 14 percent. What will be the expected return to the stockholders (assuming the other factors are held constant)? Adopting Don’s suggestion will see the Stockholders earn no dividend at all, but the growth will increase by 14% with an expected return remaining the same as the growth rate. Expected Return to Stock holders= 0/$35+ 14% = 14%. Don’s suggestion will see the stakeholders enjoy an additional 0.9% on their expected return, thus the need to see the advantages of Don’s policy. Therefore, the firm cannot completely ignore the idea of changing to a residual dividend policy. On the other hand, the same stockholders will only make a 14% gain by selling their shares yet the current dividend policy earns them a 13.1%. Since there are no advantages enjoyed by capital gain as a result of existing legislation, then it could be wise for the Company to maintain the dividend policy they are using. This is because the shareholders could only benefit from residual dividend policy if the firm grew to 14% a fact that is only speculation. If the growth fall below13. 1% then the current system is still the best (Baker &Filbeck, 2012). Question three Don’s suggestion supports the fact that dividend and capital budget should be paid from the current year’s net income, a case that is untrue. This happens because the firm is being limited by the cash they are holding. The company’s balance in 2005 was $3,235,000 being the maximum amount that can be paid to the capital budget together with a dividend without having to outsource for funds or sell its existing assets. Paying dividends from retained earnings will force firms to sell their property since they are not hard cash (Baker &Filbeck, 2012). Question four Don says the cost of the outside financing is more expensive than the cost of internal financing, due to the flotation costs charged by investment bankers. Given the data you have, what would you say is the firm’s cost of internal equity financing?    The cost of borrowing from outside sources will only be higher because of costs incurred during flotation. Assume Montgomery can sell bonds priced to yield 13 percent. What is the firm’s after-tax cost of debt? (The tax rate is 25 percent. Bonds yield=13%. Therefore, after tax cost = 13%, multiply by (1-0.25) = 9.75%. Given the cost of debt and the cost of internal equity financing, why doesn’t Montgomery just borrow the total amount needed to fund the capital budget and the dividend as well. Borrowing money for capital budget and dividend will affect the debt-equity, causing it to be out of proportion as it will increase the cost of financing of debts as well as the costs of all other financial means   (Baker &Filbeck, 2012). Question five Do you go along with Clarence Autry’s comment that it is what the stockholders want that counts, not their total rate of return? Why or why not? Mr. Autry is against the residual dividend policy. This   means that the shareholders will not have a say or preference on the type of repayment they receive for investing in Montgomery as long as they earn the highest returns. If they are given the opportunity to choose, they will not go for that policy. There are no rules for determining whether shareholders can have a preference or how much they will benefit from it, thus making the issue very controversial. But the retailing industry as shown in the figures above for Wal-mart, J C Penney and dollar, they give shareholders a preference which is taking the current dividend paid rather than investing the cash in more attractive investments (Baker &Filbeck, 2012). Question six Barbara Reynolds suggests that, if cash is needed for the capital budget, a stock dividend could be substituted for a cash dividend. Do you agree? How do you think the stockholders would react? Regardless of their reaction, is the stock dividend an equivalent substitute for a cash dividend? As much as the firm is in a position to pay share dividend and not cash dividend, not all stockholders will be comfortable for some will feel that nothing was actually paid to them. This is so because the share dividend is just but a mere paper which the shareholders sign to create more shares. This could only become beneficial if it increased the shareholders total cash dividend which will go into the role of a stock dividend to conserve funds (Baker, 2009). Question seven After all is said and done, do you think the firm’s dividend policy matters? If so, what do you think Montgomery’s policy should be. Whether going for residual dividend policy or payment of a cash dividend, every financial analyst has his or her views. Many would argue that borrowing to invest rather than using the available money would increase costs due to flotation that are associated with borrowing from outside sources hence need to go for a residual dividend policy. On the other hand, Montgomery being an old firm that is used to the current dividend policy will be better off sticking to it. Consequently, leave residual dividend policy for new emerging retail companies (Baker, 2009). References Baker, K.   (2009). ‘Dividends and Dividend policy.’eighth edition, Harvard Business School Press: New York. Baker, K. & Filbeck, G.   (2012). ‘Alternative investments: Instruments, Performance, Benchmark and Strategies.’2nd edition, Harvard Business School Press: New York.                     

Charles Beard Essay

Charles Beard’s An Economic Interpretation of the U.S Constitution Charles Beard’s book, An Economic Interpretation of the U.S. Constitution, was published in 1913 and soon became one of the most controversial literary works of its time. Beard’s main thesis in this book is essentially that the Founding Fathers chose the specific format of the Constitution of the United States to protect their personal financial interests. Beard then goes on to argue that the Constitution was written by an â€Å"elite† attempting to safeguard their own assets and financial status. Beard was expanding on Carl L. Becker’s thesis of class conflict. In the eyes of Beard, the Constitution was created by the Founding Fathers as a â€Å"counter revolution† that ran against the wishes of farmers and laborers. Beard’s theory and his publication of this book were so controversial because it seemed to demean the Constitution and everything it stood for, which angered politicians and most of the legal community, at least those who didn’t ignore it completely. However, many historians and history professors seemed to recognize it and accept it. Many people were angered by Beard’s theory because, since it disparaged the Constitution and Founding Fathers, it seemed to put down almost everything our country stands for. Taking a sacred piece of history that started our nation and trampling on it by saying that it was nothing more than rich men trying to save their bank accounts and put down the common man is bound to upset more than just a few people. One of Beard’s main critics of the 20th century is a man named Forrest McDonald. McDonald uses his study of the voting habits and financial and economic concerns of the delegates at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia to prove that their motives were not financial-based. He asserts that the majority of the delegates who had public securities were Antifederalists. He concludes his study by saying, â€Å"Anyone wishing to rewrite the history of those proceedings largely or exclusively in terms of the economic interests represented there would find the facts to be insurmountable obstacles†. What McDonald means by this is that Beard, who was attempting to â€Å"rewrite the history† of the proceedings of the Constitutional Convention, was doing so without any actual evidence and therefore had an empty argument. I believe that Beard’s thesis, although an interesting notion, was not necessarily a valid argument and did nothing except anger most people in the political community. Even though many people in the late 20th century accepted his thesis, I disagree with it. My reasoning for this is that, although the Founding Fathers were economically prosperous, I believe that their status made them the only ones that could be able to write the Constitution and who were in a position to make the most crucial moves in establishing the United States. I do not believe that the Founding Fathers created the Constitution simply protect their financial status, I believe their status was the reason they could write the Constitution.

Bertolt Brechts Mother Courage and Her Children and August Strindbergs Miss Julie Essays

Bertolt Brechts Mother Courage and Her Children and August Strindbergs Miss Julie Essays Bertolt Brechts Mother Courage and Her Children and August Strindbergs Miss Julie Paper Bertolt Brechts Mother Courage and Her Children and August Strindbergs Miss Julie Paper Essay Topic: Light in August Literature Ambition can define the intentions of a character in literature. In the texts Mother Courage and Her Children and Miss Julie, ambition is the force that can make or break the protagonists- Mother Courage and Jean respectively. While the degree of desire in both characters is similar, their ambitions steer off along two separate tangents. While Mother Courages ambition is to survive the war and use it to her advantage, in Miss Julie Jeans ambition is to rise up in class and take advantage of Miss Julie by using her as a catalyst. The failure of the two protagonists in achieving their goals can be attributed to their personalities, their social status, as well as certain incidents in the plays. In the play Mother Courage and her Children, the protagonist Mother Courage is seen to be the cause of her own downfall. She, a small time war profiteer1, has simple goals; to survive the war with her children and her travelling rummage business, and to make the best of what was given to her. These goals are emphasized by Mother Courage at many instances in the play, as is seen through the Sergeants reaction when he says, Could do with a swig yourself, ma. Thats life. Plenty worse things than being a soldier. Want to live off war, but keep yourself and family out of it, eh?2 Mother Courage shows a distinct love for her children and a keen eye for their safety. Sergeant: I could use something else. Those boys are as healthy as young birch trees Mother Courage: Nowt doing, sergeant. Yours is no trade for my kids.3 This compassion was also focused towards her dumb4 daughter Kattrin as is shown through Mother Courages words- What happened? Someone assault you? Ill bandage it and in a week itll be all right. Worse than wild beasts, they are.5 However, this compassion can be seen as contradicted by its depth, as Mother Courage shows no more than a subtle acceptance of the hurt inflicted on Kattrin. There is no sense of anger towards those soldiers who hurt her, nor any desire for vengeance. Mother Courage has a short span of attention and often lacks attention entirely. This is evident as she is blind to the bitter truth voiced behind her- Sergeant (looking after them): Like the war to nourish you? Have to feed it something too.6 On the other hand, in Miss Julie, Jeans plight was different from Mother Courages. Jean as a valet expresses his desire as wanting to become part of the upper class, with wealth and nobility to his name through his words- I want to climb up, up to the top and look round plunder the birds nest up there where the gold eggs lie.7 Jean wants to have a title as is expressed when she says, Id be a count, and youd be a countess!8 This urge is due to his already sophisticated nature and his jealousy of his employer, Miss Julies father, the Count. August Strindberg, makes it clear that Jean is an ambitious slave who can live without honor9. This proves reason as to why Jean takes sexual advantage of Miss Julie. However, he acts dignified and respectful whilst talking to the Count. This respect is motivated by his aspiration to be the Count. This is evident from when Jean refers to the Count as his lordship10 and claims Ive [Hes] never met anyone I [he] respected as I [he] do [does] him.11 Jeans sexual act is to satisfy his sexual as well as social hunger. By taking advantage of the situation, he thinks he can run away with Miss Julie who will provide capital for his hotel venture as well as the means to become wealthy and well looked upon. However, he realizes that being an aristocrat is far from his desires. He realizes that what he was aspiring towards was not something worthier and more solid.12 Jean also eventually learns that Miss Julie cannot do anything for him- Jean: You seem I could make you into a countess, but you could never make me a Count.13 Jeans character is moulded by his ambition. He manages to convince Miss Julie to enter his room without arousing suspicion of foul play by saying, No. Into my room, then. We cant bother about conventions now. And you can trust me. I am your true, loyal and respectful-friend. Through his words, Jean shows his manipulative, deceptive and also his cunning nature. He finds no fault nor any guilt in lying to Miss Julie about his past dreams and desires of being with her- Jean: The oat-bin? Oh that was just talk14 On the other hand, Mother Courages character is also overcome by her ambition. It causes her to undermine the role of her children in her life, as well as accept her losses. She is extremely loyal to her children, but her loyalty often shifts in the case of partners and her side in the war as is depicted through her words Im joining our side this time.15 The two protagonists remain focused on achieving their goals throughout the play, indicating a steady sense of ambition and determination. This is suggestive of how their characteristics and personalities are well apt for their success. Their determination foreshadows a certain sense of this success, which is contrasted during the development of the play by their negative qualities that begin to surface. Another striking aspect shared by the duo is their unfazed nature even after the realization of having failed. After Miss Julies alleged suicide, or even prior to that, when Jean realizes that the upper class too can fall, he merely accepts the situation and carries on. Similarly, Mother Courage continues to tread forward even though, one by one, she loses her children. Neither character shows any signs of defeat or subsequent remorse at their situations. Jean does admit to his defeat shortly, but immediately goes on to attacking Miss Julie with great cunning, therefore bringing the focus away- Jean: I had no hope of winning you, of course- but you were a symbol to me of the hopelessness of my ever climbing out of the class in which I was born.16 During adverse conditions and situations, the two characters act swiftly, but not accurately. Jean entirely misinterprets his situation with Miss Julie and believes that by convincing her to move away to Switzerland with him, the entire sexual folly17 will be saved. His intentions were to use her to provide capital for a hotel business; but the tides turn when he discovers she has no money. Instead of watching Miss Julie suffer, he convinces her to take her own life as it is assumed in the text. Mother Courage faces many hardships throughout the play as compared to Jean who faces only one. She is first faced by the loss of her son Eilief, then the loss of her other son Swiss Cheese, and finally the hurt inflicted to her daughter Kattrin who subsequently dies. As seen when Eilief was taken away by the recruiting Sergeant, she simply accepts the situation, packs up her cart and continues her journey. This is shown in the dialogue between Mother Courage and her son Swiss Cheese- Mother Courage: Wheres Eilief? Swiss Cheese: Went off with the recruiter. Mother Courage (stands quite still, then): You simpleton Youll have to help your brother pull now, Kattrin.18 Mother Courage does not act as a mother is expected to; there is no distinctive outburst or backlash at any of these instances. She is a woman who simply moves along, emphasizing on the ongoing nature of the circle of life and her steady state of mind. Both Mother Courage and Jean require a second party in their ventures. Mother Courage requires a man as is seen by the diversity of the fathers of her children whereas Jean required Miss Julie- Jean: Oh, now and then a man has strength enough to hoist himself up in the world but how often does it happen?19 It shows the flaws in their independent attitudes; though they carry a large ego and a flattering show of independency. Both the characters turn towards second parties to provide a platform for them to stand upon- in Jeans case, to move upwards from, in Mother Courages case- to live stably. The two protagonists are caught in a vicious circle; one cannot leave the vicinities of his social order, while the other could not save her family, nor make a decent living from her sales during the war. Their seemingly selfish intentions attempted to be covered by noble deeds, shine through, thus leading to their downfall. Wealth and reputation comes above the death of a young woman, and similarly, wealth again comes in the view of three childrens deaths. Both characters share a distinct and compassionate desire to succeed, but are pulled away from this success by a certain negative qualities which they possess.

Leadership and Healthcare

Leadership and Healthcare Leadership is often associated with the business world. However, it has been acknowledged that it is crucial in any field and in any aspect of people’s lives. Healthcare is one of the fields where leadership is essential, as it has a positive impact on patients’ healing process (Laschinger, Wong, Cummings and Grau, 2014). It is necessary to add that there is sufficient theoretical framework that can enable healthcare professionals to choose the most appropriate leadership style. Slavkin (2010) states that strict and rigid leadership styles are becoming less effective and modern healthcare professionals prefer transformational leadership styles. It is important to stress that contemporary researchers focus on emotional and personal aspects of leadership. Thus, Laschinger et al. (2014, p. 7) note that resonant leadership is one of the most effective types of workplace empowerment. The researchers define resonant leadership as â€Å"a relationally focused leadership style † that includes â€Å"visionary, coaching, affiliative, and democratic approaches, whereas dissonant styles include pace setting and commanding† (Laschinger et al., 2014, p. 7).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Leadership and Healthcare specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The researchers stress that resonant leadership styles enable leaders to create the necessary atmosphere in the workplace and decrease the amount of nurse turnover, which is essential in the period of significant shortage in nursing professionals. It is noted that healthcare leaders facilitate lower incivility and greater job satisfaction, which positively affects patients’ wellbeing and quality of services provided. Laschinger et al. (2014) note that relationships between healthcare leaders and the rest of the staff is of paramount importance for creating the value.  Slavkin (2010) also notes that proper interpersonal relati onships are crucial for creation of the appropriate atmosphere in the working place. The researcher provides brief insights into development of leadership approaches and states that command and control leadership styles are becoming less effective especially in healthcare setting. Healthcare field is characterized by high pressure and significant workload. Clearly, additional stress in the form of rigid control and numerous commands forces many healthcare professionals less motivated and productive. This is especially true for nursing professionals who have to communicate with healthcare staff, patients and their relatives. Many nurses do not handle the pressure and there is a high rate of turnover. The researcher emphasizes that effective leaders have to be more attentive to needs and expectations of the staff. It is also stated that relationally loaded leadership is important for detecting and sharing values. Notably, the researcher pays special attention to the fact that leadersh ip will become more creative, interdisciplinary and will be characterized by â€Å"culturally diverse collaborations† (Slavkin, 2010, p. 40). Hence, it is clear that interpersonal relationships, coaching and creation of rapport is seen as a potential framework for development of the leadership in the future healthcare leadership. Again, the researcher stresses that such type of leadership will make the healthcare staff feel more empowered and motivated to address the needs of patients. It is also important to remember that healthcare professionals (especially nurses) will also be able to employ some leadership methods when working with patients.Advertising Looking for assessment on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Slavkin (2010) also adds that there are gaps in medical education as future healthcare professionals often lack for knowledge and skills concerning leadership. The researcher stresse s that the gaps should be eliminated and medical schools include leadership in their curricula. This will enhance the quality of services provided. Such relationally loaded leadership styles are associated with emotional intelligence. Delmatoff and Lazarus (2014) state that modern leaders should be emotionally and behaviorally intelligent. The researchers claim that effective leaders should choose the most appropriate styles based on their emotions and behaviors. Thus, leaders should have emotional and behavioral self-awareness. They should also be able to be socially aware. In other words, they have to understand emotions and behavior, needs and expectations of people they lead. Delmatoff and Lazarus (2014, p. 245) argue that efficient leaders have to understand the value of using â€Å"emotionally and behaviorally intelligent style of leadership to ensure that their staff feel empowered and supported†. The researchers add that the use of this type of leadership will help cr eate the necessary atmosphere of trust and cooperation among the healthcare staff as well as between healthcare professionals and patients, which is crucial for effective treatment. It is also noted that healthcare staff need more training (in schools and in the working place). It can be beneficial to train the staff to make all the employees utilize the most appropriate leadership styles. Fine, Golden, Hannam and Morra (2009) provide interesting insights into the use of relationally loaded leadership styles. The researchers argue that it is possible to make this style more effective when utilizing Lean approach. Lean methodology was developed in the terrain of industry but it applicable in any sphere of life. Professionals of Toyota developed the methodology, and successful implementation of the approach suggests that it can facilitate development of any industry or organization. Fine et al. (2009) explain that the Lean approach is based on the idea of elimination of waste from the process of production and/or service delivery. Waste can be defined as any â€Å"non-value-added steps† (Fine et al., 2009, p. 26). The researchers argue that healthcare is â€Å"an ideal environment in which to reap the benefits of Lean† (Fine et al., 2009, p. 27). The researchers identify principles or steps in the Lean approach.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Leadership and Healthcare specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These are defining value, arranging by value stream, flowing, pulling and seeking perfection. In other words, healthcare leaders should understand what patients expect from them and what they need. Healthcare professionals have to make sure that these needs and expectations are met within minimum time and with maximum efficiency. Fine et al. (2009) add that this approach is not researched in the field of healthcare and needs special attention. Researchers as well as practitioners should develop appropriate techniques to exploit Lean approach.  In conclusion, it is necessary to note that researchers stress that modern healthcare leaders have to pay more attention to emotions and personal relationships. At that, leaders should be aware of their emotions and behaviors as well as their colleagues’ and patients’ behavior and emotions. This will enable healthcare staff to provide high-quality services as the atmosphere in the working place will be characterized by trust and support. In its turn, this will positively affect patients’ healing process, as they will also be more cooperative and trustful. Importantly, although there is significant load of research in the field of healthcare leadership, many healthcare professionals lack for the necessary knowledge and skills. Researchers note that the gap should be filled. This can be implemented through inclusion of leadership in medical schools’ curricula. Healthcare staff training will also be beneficial. Healthcare professionals should be aware of recent findings in the field to be able to choose the right leadership style and utilize it correctly. Reference List Delmatoff, J., Lazarus, I.R. (2014). The most effective leadership style for the new landscape of healthcare. Journal of Healthcare Management, 59(4), 245-249. Fine, B., Golden, B., Hannam, R., Morra, D.J. (2009). Leading lean: A Canadian healthcare leader’s guide. Healthcare Quarterly, 12(3), 26-35. Laschinger, H.K.S., Wong, C.A., Cummings, G.G., Grau, A.L. (2014). Resonant leadership and workplace environment: The value of positive organizational cultures in reducing workplace incivility. Nursing Economics, 32(1), 5-16.Advertising Looking for assessment on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Slavkin, H.C. (2010). Leadership for health care in the 21st century: A personal perspective. Journal of Healthcare Leadership, 2, 35-41.

Employment law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Employment law - Essay Example The focus of this analysis is to evaluate how far the law goes to strike an appropriate balance between legal certainty and â€Å"just decisions† in context of the central legal areas of unfair dismissal, employee status and discrimination law. If we firstly consider employee status, section 230 of the Employment Rights Act 1996 (ERA) defines an employee as â€Å"an individual who has entered into or works under (or, where the employment has ceased, worked under) a contract of employment†. The section 230 definition has been criticised for being ambiguous1 and it is necessary to refer to the common law test for defining the status of an employee, which isn’t without its limitations. The starting point for determining whether an individual is an employee is the â€Å"control† test2. This was established in the case if Yewens v Noakes3, where Bramwell LJ asserted that â€Å"A servant is a person subject to the command of his master as to the manner in which he shall do his work4†. However, socio-economic developments in the labour market have changed the shape of employment status, thereby undermining the suitability of the control test as a sole determinant of employment status5. This was further acknowledged by the Court of Appeal in the case of Walker v Crystal Palace FC6, where the control test was given a different slant by focusing on whether the employer had the right to control the background arrangements for the work such as when and where the work was done, payments and holiday entitlements. However, the Walker extension of the control test was further developed into the â€Å"integration† test as propounded by Lord Denning in the case of Stevenson Jordan and Harrison v MacDonald & Evans7 â€Å"†¦under a contract of service, a man is employed as part of the business and his work is done as an integral part of the business; whereas under a contract for services, his work, although done for

Math Exercises Problem Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Exercises - Math Problem Example 1 A firm manufactures and sells q units of a product at price =  £(575 –  ½ q) which has unit costs of  £(q2 – 25q) and fixed costs of  £45,000. (a) Write down expressions for: revenue, profit and average cost in terms of output(q) of the firm. [1 mark] Revenue = (575 –  ½ q ) q = 575q –  ½ q2 Profit = Revenue – Total Cost = 575q –  ½ q2 - [(q2 – 25q )q +45,000] = 575q –  ½ q2 – q3 + 25q2 - 45,000 = – q3 + 24.5q2 + 575q - 45,000 Average Cost = Total Cost / q = q2 – 25q + 45,000/q (b) Find expressions for: marginal revenue, marginal cost, marginal profit and marginal average costs in terms of output (q). [2 marks] Marginal Revenue, Marginal Cost, Marginal Profit and Marginal Average Costs is the derivative of Revenue, Cost, Profit, Average Costs . Since the derivative of f(x) = xn is nxn-1, we have: Marginal Revenue = 575 – q Marginal Cost = 3q2 -50q Marginal Profit = -3q2 + 49q +575 Marginal Average Cost = 2q – 25 -45,000/q2 (since 1/q = q-1) (c) Find the output levels of the firm that and confirm that the output levels found do indeed maximise or minimise these functions [ 1 mark] (i) Maximise revenue †¢ This is the graph of Revenue = 575q –  ½ q2 , we can see that it is maximised at q = 575. (ii) Minimise costs To minimise costs, set marginal costs to 0 q = 50 / 3 or approx 17 units This is the graph of Costs = q3 - 25q2 + 45,000. We can see that the minimise value is approximately at q =17. (iii) Maximise profits To maximise profits, set marginal profits to 0 -3q2 + 49q +575 = 0 Using the quadratic formula, we have: q = 23.23 , -7.89 Disregarding the negative value, we have: q = 23 units. This is the graph of Profit = -q3 + 24.5q2 + 575q - 45,000. We can see that the maximum value is approximately at q=23. (iv) Minimise average costs To minimise average costs, set marginal average costs to 0: 2q - 25 -45,000/q2 = 0 (multiply both sides by q2) 2q3 - 25q2 - 45,000 = 0 With the use of trial and error, we get the only possible value as: q = 33 units. This is the graph of Average Cost = q2 - 25q + 45,000/q. We can see that the maximum value is approximately at q=33. 2. The demand function for a product is given by the following expression: q = 25 + 200 (p - 2) (a) Calculate the demand at prices 3 and 7 [1/2 mark ] For p = 3: q = 25 + 200 (3 - 2) q = 25 + 200 q = 225 For p = 7: q = 25 + 200 (7 - 2) q = 25 + 40 q = 65 Answer in (Q,P) form: (225,3), (65,7) (b) Calculate the ARC elasticity of demand with respect to price between the prices given in part (a) and comment on whether demand is elastic or inelastic between these prices. [1/2 mark] Earc = (Q2-Q1) / [(Q2+Q1)/2] (P2-P1) / [(P2+P1)/2] Earc = (65-225) / [(65+225)/2] (7-3) / [(7+3)/2] Earc = -160 / 145 4 / 5 Earc = -40 = -1.38 29 Since an "elastic" good is where price elasticity of demand is greater than one, we can consider that the demand is elastic between these prices. (c) Find an expression for POINT elasticity of demand with respect to price in terms of price. [ 1 mark] Ept = (q/ p) * p/q The derivative of q = 25 +200/(p-2) is q/ p = 0 + -1 (200) (p-2)-2 And q = 25 +200/(p-2) Hence: Ept = [-200p/ (p-2)2]/ [25 +200/(p-2)] (d) Calculate POINT elasticity of demand at prices 3 and 7 and comment on their values and on the relationship between ARC and POINT elasticity [1/2 mark] Ept = [-200p/ (p-2)2]/ [25 +200/(p-2)] Ept (3) = (-600/ 1)/ 225 = -2.67 Ept (7) = -56/ 65 = -0.862 The value of arc elasticity is in between the value of point elasticity which is expected